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By Bojanna Shantheyanda, Sreya Dutta, Kevin Coscia and David SchiemerDynalene, Inc. Liquid air conditioning, which can be attained making use of indirect or direct ways, is made use of in electronics applications having thermal power densities that may go beyond secure dissipation with air cooling. Indirect liquid air conditioning is where heat dissipating digital components are literally divided from the fluid coolant, whereas in instance of straight cooling, the elements remain in direct call with the coolant.


In indirect air conditioning applications the electric conductivity can be vital if there are leaks and/or splilling of the liquids onto the electronics. In the indirect cooling applications where water based liquids with corrosion inhibitors are usually utilized, the electric conductivity of the liquid coolant primarily depends upon the ion focus in the liquid stream.


The boost in the ion focus in a closed loophole fluid stream might take place due to ion leaching from steels and nonmetal elements that the coolant fluid touches with. Throughout operation, the electric conductivity of the liquid may increase to a level which could be unsafe for the air conditioning system.

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(https://lite.evernote.com/note/3d3ec09a-e81d-b543-d9b7-bf30421b11cc)They are bead like polymers that can trading ions with ions in a solution that it touches with. In today job, ion leaching tests were carried out with various steels and polymers in both ultrapure deionized (DI) water, i.e. water which is treated to the highest degree of pureness, and low electric conductive ethylene glycol/water blend, with the gauged modification in conductivity reported in time.


The samples were enabled to equilibrate at room temperature for two days prior to tape-recording the preliminary electric conductivity. In all tests reported in this research study fluid electrical conductivity was determined to an accuracy of 1% utilizing an Oakton disadvantage 510/CON 6 series meter which was calibrated prior to each measurement.

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from the wall surface home heating coils to the facility of the heater. The PTFE example containers were positioned in the furnace when steady state temperature levels were reached. The test arrangement was removed from the furnace every 168 hours (7 days), cooled to area temperature with the electric conductivity of the liquid gauged.


The electric conductivity of the fluid example was kept an eye on for a total amount of 5000 hours (208 days). Schematic of the indirect closed loophole cooling experiment set-up. Components used in the indirect shut loop cooling down experiment that are in call with the fluid coolant.


Prior to beginning each experiment, the test configuration was rinsed with UP-H2O numerous times to eliminate any type of contaminants. The system was packed with 230 ml of UP-H2O and was enabled to equilibrate at space temperature for an hour before tape-recording the initial electrical conductivity, which was 1.72 S/cm. Fluid electrical conductivity was gauged to an accuracy of 1%.

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The change in liquid electric conductivity was kept an eye on for 136 hours. The fluid from the system was accumulated and saved.


Table 2. Test matrix for both ion leaching and indirect closed loophole air conditioning experiments. Table 2 shows the examination matrix that was utilized for both ion leaching and shut loop indirect cooling experiments. The adjustment in electrical conductivity of the liquid samples when stirred with Dowex mixed bed ion exchange resin was gauged.


0.1 g of Dowex material was contributed to 100g of fluid samples that was absorbed a different container. The mix was stirred and transform in the electrical conductivity at area temperature was gauged every hour. The determined modification in the electrical conductivity of the UP-H2O and EG-LC test fluids consisting of polymer or metal when involved for 5,000 hours at 80C is revealed Figure 3.

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Ion seeping experiment: Measured adjustment in electric conductivity of water and EG-LC coolants having either polymer or metal examples when submersed for 5,000 hours at 80C. The outcomes indicate that steels contributed less ions right into the fluids than plastics in both UP-H2O and EG-LC based coolants.




Fluids containing polypropylene and HDPE displayed the most affordable electrical conductivity adjustments. This could be as a result of the brief, rigid, straight chains which are much less most likely to add ions than longer branched chains with weak intermolecular pressures. Silicone additionally performed well in both test liquids, as polysiloxanes are normally chemically inert due to the high bond power of the silicon-oxygen bond which would protect against deterioration of the material into the fluid.

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It would be expected that PVC would certainly create comparable outcomes to those of PTFE and HDPE based upon the comparable chemical frameworks of the products, nonetheless there might be various other contaminations present in the PVC, such as plasticizers, that might influence the electrical conductivity of the liquid - therminol & dowtherm alternative. Furthermore, chloride teams in PVC can also leach into the test liquid and can trigger a boost in electric conductivity


Polyurethane completely disintegrated into the test liquid by the end of 5000 hour test. Before and after photos of steel and polymer examples submersed for 5,000 hours at 80C in the ion seeping experiment.


Measured modification in the electrical conductivity of useful link UP-H2O coolant as a function of time with and without resin cartridge in the closed indirect air conditioning loop experiment. The gauged adjustment in electric conductivity of the UP-H2O for 136 hours with and without ion exchange material in the loop is displayed in Number 5.